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I too always wondered about this. However, Boris was involved with Borduria in "King Ottokar Sceptre". Maybe, it could be Borduria

As the King's aide in "King Ottokar's Sceptre" Boris was responsible for the king's personal security. With him involved in the Bordurian conspiracy to overthrow the king, annexing Syldivia, it is not improbable to see him working for Borduria in the future, as head of counter-espionage/ industrial espionage, or some other kind of clandestine operation.
It is implied that Boris took that mission in the Moon adventures by personal request, just because Tintin was in it.

Did anyone else find it inappropriate that Herge was shown amongst the saboteurs in the cartoon? Talk about seeming to support the 'Herge was a collaborator' myth...

Maybe the saboteurs were Bordurian, but they took action thousands of miles from the home country to make them look less apparent and to expand Borduria's influence abroad. Both the US and the USSR were involved in many activities hundreds of miles from its home territories. Can't rule out the Bodurians, who have already employed Boris once...

The only country that's not really been mentioned here but who's history and customs really fit the time and story-line of Syldavia is: Hungary.

King Ottokar's Sceptre: In Hungary (which was a Monarchy until 1946) the power of the sovereign, technically, by law, came from the actual crown itself. If the crown was taken, then the king would have lost his power. This is similar to the story the Syldavian Sceptre.

Destination Moon: During the inter-war period and after, Hungarian scientists were among the most prominent in nuclear science.
At first the USSR, trying to impose Soviet Communism in eastern Europe, hounded the scientists out of Hungary, where the Americans snapped them up.
However, scientists in Hungary continued to be at the forefront of nuclear physics.

Hungary was de facto an independent monarchy with a regent (Admiral Horthy) until 1946. Thereafter, it became a Cmmunist country, however, it followed its own path, despite constant threats from the USSR - similar to the Bordurian regime threatening Syldavia.

I know that Hergé intimated that Syldavia was based on Albania, but they did not really interest the USSR and their political tie at that time was at first to Yugoslavia and then Maoist China.

Maybe I'm getting carried away, but the history certainly fits and Hergé was certainly "on the ball" with current affairs.

Of course Hergé wanted us to speculate about this and leave us in confusion.
But:
We must consider Syldavia as a non-bonded state, before it became an Eastern Bloc dictature in the Calculus Affair.
The foreign power seems to be the USA. Arguments: the names Miller, Jorgen and Jim (on p.21 of Destination Moon, disguised as a local, but sounds American,); the be-bop haircut of the saboteur/main operator; the American 50's looks (glasses, bow-tie) of Miller; Wolff's stay in Las Vegas where he got hooked.

They are managed by a government (a minister) which makes good use of European accomplices like the Syldavians Boris and the baron, whose base is in Klow, with a secret transmitter in his cellar.

Jorgen is not an American name. Mostly likely it's German or at least originated from that part of the world.

Hmmm... "Jim" and "Miller" are names which could be used by Europeans; and the fact that Wolff started spying while in the US would imply that he was spying for a non-American power.

Personally I think that Syldavia's long-term rival Borduria is the obvious suspect.